Category Archives: Sustainability

Eating Locally, Sustainability

Edible Hawaiian Islands

There’s a new magazine out there—Edible Hawaiian Islands. Have you seen it?

Here’s a description:

“Filled with engaging stories, enticing photography and art, our mission is to celebrate family farmers, bakers, fisherman, ranchers, poultry farmers, local chefs and the rest of the community for their dedication to producing the highest quality fresh and seasonal foods. We want to highlight those efforts towards a more sustainable and safe food system in The Hawaiian Islands.“

Sound familiar? The magazine has already featured Hamakua Springs, and writes about many others who practice the same sorts of things we preach.

Check it out. And if you’re interested, subscription information is here.

Sustainability

Suppy and Demand

The Houston Chronicle just ran this op-ed piece titled Don’t Drain Our Energy Lifeblood, with the subtitle: “Domestic exploration is energy security 101.” It says that Americans burn nearly a half billion gallons of gasoline every day, and that 65 percent of the oil that makes this gasoline is imported. Also, that worldwide energy consumption is anticipated to increase by 40 percent in the next 25 years—while the widespread use of alternate energy is still decades away.

The article argues for drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Reserve, as well as in the offshore continental shelf. The revenue generated, it says, could be used for alternative energy development.

“The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge may offer oil reserves of as much as 16 billion barrels — which is comparable to the world’s largest oil fields. Even though the environmental impact would be minuscule, Congress insists on keeping the refuge and other potential domestic resources off-limits and ignores the fact that modern exploration techniques could limit drilling in the refuge to a 2,000-acre footprint, or not even half of 1 percent of the refuge’s 19 million acres.“

It concludes that our country’s energy dependency makes us dangerously vulnerable in economic terms and compromises our national security.

Public policies that support, rather than impede, efforts to increase responsible domestic production are what America needs to retake control of its energy lifeblood from rogue dictators and banana republics.

The article’s author is Elizabeth Ames Jones, immediate past chairman of the Texas Railroad Commission, which regulates the state’s oil and gas, propane, mining and intrastate pipeline industries.

It got my attention, appearing as it did the Sunday immediately before the Association for the Study of Peak Oil (ASPO) conference will be held in Houston — and just before oil prices reached more than $86/barrel, a record high. It strikes me that as world demand for oil rises in the years ahead, there may well be a gap between the energy our country can get from oil and the energy we can get from alternate sources.

The Queensland, Australia government also just published a report acknowledging that “Peak Oil” — “the potential peaking of world oil supplies caused by natural field decline” — is a real concern and will happen within 10 years. Together with the op-ed piece above coming out of the gas and oil capital of the U.S., as well as the upcoming ASPO conference, I think these are all significant indicators.

Food Security, Renewable Energy Sources, Sustainability, The New Ahupua‘a

The New Ahupua‘a

1 Comment

I spoke at the Hawai‘i Island Food Summit this past weekend, which was attended by Hawaiian cultural people, policy makers, university researchers, farmers, ranchers, and others.

The two-day conference asked the question, “How Can Hawai‘i Feed Itself?”

I felt like a small kid in class with his hand raised: “Call me! Call me!”

I sat on one of the panels, and said that our sustainability philosophy has to do with taking a long-term view of things. We are always moving so we’ll be in the proper position for the environment we anticipate five, 10 and 20 years from now.

**

I told them I had a nightmare that there would be a big meeting down by the pier one day, where they announce that food supplies were short because the oil supply was short and so we would have to send thousands of people out to discover new land.

I was afraid that they would send all the people with white hair out on the boats to find new land—all the Grandmas and Grandpas and me, but maybe not June.

Grandmas and Grandpas hobbled onto the boats with their canes and their wheelchairs, clutching all their medicines, and everybody gave all of us flower leis, and everyone was saying, “Aloha, Aloha, call us when you find land! Aloha!”

**

I spoke about where we want to be in five, 10 or 20 years. We know that energy-related costs will be high then. And that we need to provide food for Hawai‘i’s people.

We call our plan “The New Ahupua‘a.”

In old Hawai‘i, the ahupua‘a was a land division that stretched from the uplands to the sea, and it contained the resources necessary to support its human population—from fish and salt to fertile land for farming and, high up, wood for building, as well as much more.

Our “New Ahupua‘a” uses old knowledge along with modern technology to make the best use of our own land system and resources. We will move forward by looking backward.

• We plan to decouple ourselves from fossil fuel costs by developing a hydroelectric plant, which will allow us to grow various crops not normally grown at our location.

• We are moving toward a “village” concept of farming, and starting to include farmers from the area, who grow things we don’t, to farm with us. This way, the people who work on our farm come from the area around our farm. We will help them with food safety, pest control issues and distribution.

• We are developing a farmers market at our property on the highway, where the farmers who work with us can market their products.

• We will utilize as much of our own resources for fertilizer as possible, by developing a system of aquaponics, etc.

This “New Ahupua‘a” is our general framework for the future. It will allow us to produce more food than we can produce by ourselves. It is a safe strategy, in case the worst scenario happens; if it doesn’t, this plan will not hurt us.

It is a simple strategy. And we are committed to it.

**

My assessment of how we came to be here and where we need to be in the future is this: In the beginning, one hundred percent of the energy for food came from the sun. The mastodons ate leaves, the saber tooth tiger ate the mastodon and we ate the tiger and everything else.

The earth’s population was related to the amount of food we could gather or catch. And sometimes the food caught and ate us. So there were only so many of us roaming around.

Then some of us started to use horses and mules to help us grow food. As well as the sun, now animals provided some of the energy for cultivating food. We were able to grow more food, and so there were more of us.

About 150 years ago, we discovered oil. With oil we could utilize millions of horsepower to grow food—and we didn’t even need horses. Oil was plentiful and cheap; only about $3/barrel. We used oil to manufacture fertilizer, chemicals and for packaging and transportation.

Food became very, very plentiful and we started going to supermarkets to harvest and hunt for our food. Hunting for our food at the supermarkets was very good—the food did not eat us and now there are many, many, many of us.

But now we are approaching another change to the status quo—a situation being called “Peak Oil.” That’s when half of all the oil in existence is used up. Half the oil will still be left, but it will be increasingly hard to tap. At some point, the demand for oil—by billions and billions of people who cannot wait to get in their car and drive to McDonalds—will exceed the ability to pump that oil.

Food was cheap in the past because oil was cheap. Five years ago, oil was $30/barrel but now it’s over $80/barrel. Now that oil is becoming more and more expensive, food is also going to become much more expensive.

In the beginning the sun provided a hundred percent of the energy and it was free. Today oil is becoming very expensive, but sun energy is still free.  The wind, the waves, the water—they are all free here in Hawaii. It’s the oil that is expensive.

For Hamakua Springs, the situation is not complicated at all. We need to use an alternate form of energy to help us grow food!

With alternate energy, we should be able to continue growing food—and maybe local food can be grown cheaper than food that is shipped here from far away.

I told the Food Summit attendees that we farmers need to grow plenty of food so that others can do what they do and so we continue to have a vibrant society. If we don’t plan ahead to provide enough food, and as a consequence every family has to return to farming to feed themselves, it would be a much more limited society. People would not be able to pursue the arts, write books, explore space. We would have way fewer choices – maybe only, “What color malo should I wear today?”

**

Some of the speakers from the conference were videotaped and are up on the Kohala Center’s webcast, if you’d like to listen.

There is also an online slideshow of photos from the Food Summit.

There was a feeling going through the Food Summit’s crowd that we were a part of something very important and very special. What I found different about this conference is that people left feeling that this was just the beginning.

We are going to take action.

Community, Government, Sustainability

They Did Have Kukui Nut Oil

Wednesday night I attended a meeting to discuss the Hawai‘i 2050 Sustainability draft plan. There was an article about the meeting on the front page of yesterday’s Hawai‘i Tribune-Herald.

Senator Russell Kokubun is chairman of the 24-member task force. He gave an overview of the plan and I like his approach, which was inclusion and collaboration—an approach from the bottom up, rather than the typical “top down, force-it-through” approach one often sees from ineffective leaders. This is a good sign.

Next, Jane Testa, director of the Hawai‘i County Research and Development department, spoke. She, too, was very patient, respectful and thorough as she explained parts of the plan. Assistant Planning Director Brad Kurokawa followed and he was also positive but deferential and patient. It was evident to me that they are all very invested in this plan. This is a good start.

The objective of this meeting was to expand, contract and give relative weight to particular sustainability issues that are of concern to the community members. They split the audience into five groups, each with a facilitator. We were to make comments and lend color to the sections of the plan.

I came to the meeting with an agenda. I want to see Peak Oil given high priority, and its effects monitored continuously and adapted to as necessary.

It’s important to realize that population, oil and food are related. In the earliest days, one hundred percent of the energy needed to grow food was provided by the sun, and the human population was in balance with how difficult it was to catch and eat mastodons and saber tooth tigers.

Then 150 years ago, we discovered oil and it was cheap—$3 for a 55-gallon drum. Using energy obtained from oil produced inexpensive food. And the world population soared—it was easy to go hunting in the supermarkets.

But with Peak Oil, where oil will start to become expensive and scarce, it will be more difficult to produce food. And then what?

Back to the sustainability meeting. We need to be able to monitor Peak Oil and to take decisive action. We really don’t have time to play around and the last thing we need is flowery prose.

I was pleased to see that there will be a sustainability council. This group of people is a quasi-government group with powers given to them by the legislature. They will be on the job all the time on a specific task. Not like the legislature, which has a year-to-year memory. They will have to report at least annually, if not more frequently, to the public. This group will be the vehicle to monitor and react to Peak Oil for the State of Hawai‘i. I like this!

The part I like most is that one of the five goals is related to Kanaka Maoli cultural and island values. The Hawaiian culture already accomplished what we are now trying to do—they survived, and thrived, without oil. Okay, they did have kukui nut oil. No sense reinventing the wheel.

But with our ability now to harness alternative energy, we should be able to accomplish what the Hawaiians did hundreds of years ago.

Not, “no can.” Can!

Current Affairs, Peak Oil, Sustainability

Frog in the Pot

Lately I’ve been talking a lot here about how rising oil prices are worrying me, and what we’re doing at the farm in response. Today I want to back up a little bit and tell you about how I have become aware of this, and why I’m worried.

For the past few months, something has been bothering me. I’ve been feeling like a frog in a pot on the stove. As the temperature is increased a little bit at a time, he does not notice the water getting hot until he is, well, done. “Hmm, it’s getting warmer—kinda cozy. But, wait. How come bubbles are starting to rise? I’m getting outta here!”

If I were a frog I would have jumped out of the pot and landed on the floor, and I would be heading for the door by now.

What’s been bothering me is something that has become known as “Peak Oil.” It’s when the demand for oil exceeds the ability to flow enough to meet demand. And we all know that when demand exceeds supply, prices go up.

When we started planning to diversify our business five years ago, oil prices were $30 per barrel. Now, five years later, oil is more than $80 per barrel. On CNBC this morning, the business channel, they were wondering if oil will go over $84 per barrel and set another record. I heard someone on the program say that $4 per gallon gas is in our not too distant future.

Since we started our diversified agriculture five years ago, conventional wisdom has been that nothing unusual is happening. But we have noticed that the phrase “fuel adjustment” has been added to our language.

In our business, we have noticed that fertilizer, chemicals, packaging and transportation is more expensive than before. But the news says that inflation is under control and everything is all right and the stock market is at near record levels. So if everything is all right, how come fertilizer costs so much more now? And how come plastic clamshells and plastic bags cost so much? How come supplies of all types cost so much?

Lately I’ve realized that petroleum products are involved in almost every facet of our lives, though we don’t always realize it. So when prices rise, it’s easy for us to miss that it is due to a rise in petroleum prices. It’s like the frog, sitting in a pot on the stove, who doesn’t realize that the temperature is going up.

I knew that agricultural costs were steadily rising, but what raised alarm bells for me was when I complained to a lawyer friend that the rise in oil prices was affecting us in many ways. He said, “Oh yeah, and the mom-&-pop plate lunch places are suffering because the plastic containers and utensils are rising in price and they cannot easily pass the costs on.”

Right then, I realized that rising oil prices were affecting many people in many businesses. So I started reading a lot of articles about oil supply and demand. That was my wake-up call. I decided right then to “jump out of the pot of warming water.”

Frankly, there are a lot of alarmist websites about “Peak Oil,” which sell books and videos about “the end of the world as we know it,” and about how to protect oneself. Looking at some of those websites, one could easily dismiss Peak Oil as a made-up problem being touted by those who are trying to make a buck by scaring people.

But that wouldn’t be correct. “Peak Oil” is not at all merely some sort of alarmist nonsense. It is nothing more than oil prices rising higher and higher. The question is: “How will we adapt?”

A highly credible site on the subject, if you’d like to read more, is that of the Association for the Study of Peak Oil (ASPO). ASPO is a “Non-profit, Non-partisan Research and Public Education Initiative to Address America’s Peak Oil Energy Challenge.”

Its board of directors is impressive, as is its advisory board, “a volunteer group of recognized experts in energy, science, geology and business,” consisting of petroleum geologists, physicists, retired government analysts and more. Here is the association’s mission statement.

Where am I going with all this? I think oil prices will continue rising steadily, and as a result, things will start to change in ways we have not yet considered. But we will adapt by car pooling, using clotheslines to dry our clothes, catching drinking water, etc.

I am mostly concerned, as prices rise, about our most basic need—the ability to feed ourselves. Before industrial agriculture we relied on the sun to provide one hundred percent of the energy to grow our food; directly for the greens, and indirectly for the animals that ate the greens. Industrial agriculture relied on cheap oil, as low as $3 per barrel, to fuel its growth. As oil prices rise, more and more of our income will go to buy food.

However, I don’t believe in the doomsday scenarios like on those alarmist sites. I believe we can absolutely influence the course of events to come.

We are lucky here, because we know that the ancient Hawaiians were able to sustain a population that was nearly the size of today’s population. We know it can be done. That knowledge, along with modern technology, should allow us to produce enough food for this entire island if we put our minds to it, and contribute to the needs of the state, as well.

We also need to engage youngsters—our next generation—at the earliest levels. We should frame the issue and pose the question to elementary school kids: “How can you help us feed Hawai‘i?” I can see them jumping on their computers and proudly pointing out different methods that people in other parts of the world use to grow food.

This is one of my missions now—to make people aware that we need to address this issue, and to show how it can be done; how all farmers, large and small, working together can make Hawai‘i self-sufficient in food once more.

We can do this!

Current Affairs, Government, Sustainability

Legislative Visitors

Last week the Hawai‘i State Legislature’s Senate Ways and Means committee visited us. This is the first year we’ve had legislative committees visit us and we were very happy to share with them our history, our philosophy, our present situation and our plans for the future.

I told them we started with no money except for a $300 limit credit card, which I worked hard to qualify for. But Dad had a chicken farm and we were able to trade chicken manure for banana keiki.

I told them something I learned as a former Army office in Vietnam—that leaving someone behind is never an option—and that I carry this forward to my relationships with our employees. We make sure that the most defenseless of our employees are looked out for. And we have profit sharing, so if the farm does good we all do well.

If we are anything, we are survivors. We always ask: “Where do we need to be five years from now?” And we start right away to position ourselves for that future.

I told them that what they were looking at was a result of decisions we made five years ago, back when a barrel of oil cost $30. We all knew then that China was growing fast and would cause oil prices to rise. So we set out to avoid petroleum-based costs as much as possible. But we had no idea oil prices would rise to $80 per barrel.

Today we are looking at Peak Oil, where the demand for oil will eventually exceed the ability to sump that oil. That means prices will rise even further. We are preparing for the possibility that oil will hit $200 per barrel in less than five years.

We doing that by building a hydro-electric plant. We are in the process of decoupling ourselves as much as we can from fossil-fuel based energy. We love and thrive on change. Adversity brings opportunity, and that makes life exciting. We love it!r 

I told them that we are a family farm and that our blog, HaHaHa, represents three generations of Ha’s working on the farm. I told them that without my mom—who, in the old days, worked late at night packing bananas so we could take the only trailer we owned and refill it the following day—we would never have made it.

I told them I was reluctant to tell them that story because it might appear that I was enslaving my mother. And yet I also told them that I had to admit I still buy Mom dumbbells, treadmills and stationery bikes so she can keep on working hard. She’s 82 years old now. We had a good laugh.They all knew that I do it for Mom’s health.

It was great to meet these people who will make the decisions that direct Hawaii’s future. It seemed like they were happy to see an organization positioning itself to be able to feed Hawaii’s people, in an environment of rising fuel prices, because it was the right thing to do. My impression was that they are very sharp and will do the right things for our future.

Sustainability

Some Responses

My commentary, entitled Hawaii Needs to Produce More of Its Own Food, was published in the Honolulu Advertiser’s Opinion section the other day. Here are some of the responses I’ve gotten:

I love it when someone dreams of something, turns it into a vision, comes up with a game plan, does the homework and research, and actually does it and it comes to fruition. The word “sustainable” will become a bigger word as time goes along. On the biggest scope, how do we all contribute to making our planet one in which our grandchildren’s children can enjoy as we do, if not better. He displays to us his efforts and thoughts on that subject very clearly.

For Hawaii to be Hawaii, rainforests, water systems, agriculture and farming need to exist on large scale percentages in relation to development. How do we keep it sustainable for it to happen, how do we help our local farmers and agriculture? To be reliant on shipping and importing produce and product into Hawaii for a majority percentage is not a “sustainable,” long term idea. If tourism is saying that visitors are seeking true “local” experiences to differentiate this from other visitor destinations, how can agriculture play a larger role? If guests want to taste a true slice of Hawaii, one way is to give them things that are from Hawaii, made in Hawaii, unique to Hawaii. – Alan Wong, Chef

Thanks for the great opinion piece in the Advertiser this morning. –  Andrew G. Hashimoto, Dean and Director, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources

In addition to your “law of comparative advantage position,” it seems to be true that Hawaii cannot compete only if:
• We do not pay attention to the real or external cost of imported goods
• It assumes that the goods are commodities, and quality is not a factor

Even before we start to figure in the advantage of the law of survival, locally grown food is the obvious best choice. – Peter Merriman, Restaurateur

Europeans have had a long standing policy of protecting the farmers.  Europeans have had many experiences of starvations and thus have felt the need to provide for themselves.  Modern economics, as you said, speaks of buying the cheapest, but what happens after we drive the farmers out by buying “cheap” foreign fruits and veggies?  – Barry Mizuno, former CEO of Puna Geothermal

There are many other factors which are positively impacted as well: Creates jobs, promotes diversity, keeps money here (local economy) and let’s not forget my favorite–the taste. I always say “from the plant to the plate.” – James Babian, Executive Chef, Orchid at Maunalani

I agree more needs to be done to promote local farmers, so Hawaii produces more of its own food supply.

I think one way this could occur is if the State of Hawaii would use its purchasing power to buy local food products.

The Hawaii Revised Statutes provides the state should give a preference to purchase local products, however the administrative rules have not implemented to assist farmers. –  Elizabeth Haws Connally, Esq., Alston Hunt Floyd & Ing

Greetings and aloha!  I read your editorial in yesterday’s paper, “Hawaii Must Produce More of its Own Food” and I totally agree with the statement you made in which you said, “The law of survival teaches us to always keep our options open.  To keep our options open, we need to produce more food locally, not less.”

I recently did some research for a college class on the ability of the food supply on Oahu to efficiently and nutritiously feed the people living on Oahu during a sustained interruption of resupply shipments.  What I discovered makes me very worried about the Hawaii State Government’s lack of insight and ability to plan for an extended interruption of food re-supply flights or shipments coming to Oahu in the event of a natural disaster, terrorist attack or political processes (Strike/Legislation).

It seems our leadership is all about planning for a hurricane which everyone can see coming and will have plenty of time to prepare for. However, they are not prepared for a quick and decisive attack, earthquake or other natural or man-made disaster which could strike in or around our islands at any time and seriously hamper or disrupt regular food/cargo shipmements or flights into the islands.

Here’s why I am so worried.  While doing my research, I contacted XX to inquire about what plans the state has to turn some of the old Pineapple ag-lands back over to local farmers so we can start growing more food.  His reply back to me is as follows:

“Since the turn of the century, we were a commercial agricultural state and these lands were never intended for self-sustenance; sugar and pineapple were grown not to sustain our population, but as income generation.”

That tells me that our political leaders are not thinking about what’s best for the people.  They’re only thinking about the bottom line… money! – John C. Williams, Hawaii resident and member of the U.S. Navy.

This article is wonderful and timely, thank you so much for sticking your neck out. – Nancy Redfeather, Organizer, Big Island Food Summit

I’m going to share this with Slow Food Hawai‘i members as soon as I return tomorrow – we have been in India for a few weeks – what an amazing experience for both of us. How fortunate we are to live in Hawaii, but how challenging and complicated survival and a good life really is. – Nancy Pi‘ianaia, Leader, Slow Food Hawaii

Sustainability

Advertiser article

Richard wrote a commentary that was published in yesterday’s Honolulu Advertiser.

The gist of it: “We must make changes so that Hawai’i produces more of its own food — making us more sustainable and less reliant on outside forces.”

Click here to read it. Comments? We’d love to know what you think.

Current Affairs, Peak Oil, Renewable Energy Sources, Sustainability

Peak Oil 2

The United States’ Government Accountability Office (GAO) has an interesting report about peak oil concerns here.

This is a time of increasing concern over the security of our oil supplies—in particular, the fear that, after 150 years of growth, the industry is now facing what is known as “Peak Oil.” That’s the point at which the production of petroleum reaches its maximum before entering a terminal decline.

The big question right now is “When will demand permanently exceed supply?” It used to be that the year 2030 seemed a reasonable estimate. Now, more than a few people are saying it could be as soon as two years from now. Some are even saying we may have already passed the peak.

It is not a question of whether or not we have oil reserves. There is a lot of oil in the ground. It’s more a matter of whether we can replace expiring oil fields with new production in a timely manner. Many of the professionals feel that we cannot. Furthermore, oil reserves of the OPEC producers are suspect. There are indications that they don’t have the reserves they say they have. We don’t know because they won’t show us proof.

And so what will happen? Likely, prices will rise slowly and steadily as oil supplies decline. People will probably adjust their behavior and conserve. Whatever happens, it seems certain that supply will not be able to keep up with demand.

Fertilizer, packaging and other farm expenses have risen steadily over the last few years. I wonder if we have already reached “Peak Oil.” If that has occurred, there’s no better place to be than here in Hawai‘i. We are fortunate to have abundant natural resources that we can use to generate electricity. If we react in a smart way, we should be fine.

Maybe we should hedge our bets and start to position ourselves for “Peak Oil” sooner, rather than later.

Eating Locally, Food Security, Music, New York City, Sustainability

Farm Aid

Last night’s Farm Aid concert took place in New York City.

Remember Farm Aid? The first annual Farm Aid concert, organized by Willie Nelson, Neil Young and John Mellencamp, was in 1985. Since then, the musician Dave Matthews has also joined the board. The nonprofit organization (mission: to keep family farmers on their land) has raised more than $30 million to “promote a strong and resilient family farm system of agriculture.”

I enjoyed this New York Times article for quotes like this one, from Willie Nelson.

For Mr. Nelson, Farm Aid’s ideals are a reminder of his childhood in Abbott, Tex. “We had organic food and didn’t know it for a long time,” he said. “It tasted great, and we only know that we grew it out in the back garden, and we had a lot of great potatoes and tomatoes and all our own vegetables. Then I left home to go on the road and I couldn’t find that food any more.”

The article goes on to say that there will be no “factory-farmed junk food” sold at the concert. All food offered at the 25,000-capacity venue will be from family farms.

“People have to take over their own food supply,” Mr. Nelson said. “They have to make sure whatever they eat is healthy and do whatever it takes to do that: shopping locally, farming locally, consuming locally.”

And I liked reading this, too, which is something we talk about here a lot:

Why New York? The city brings renewed news media attention to the long-running event, of course. Farm Aid was also invited here, said its executive director, Carolyn Mugar, by an assortment of environmentalists, politicians (including the mayor’s office) and chefs. Over the years Farm Aid has become part of what’s known as the Good Food Movement, alongside organizations working from various angles to roll back industrial farming and promote organic and sustainable food production — and consumption. While the city itself may not be farm country, it’s full of people who eat.

“Farmers are never going to survive if they don’t have as allies the people who want this good food,” Ms. Mugar said. “New York has a huge density of eaters and a density of people who are doing excellent things. There are restaurants, farmers’ markets, community-supported agriculture programs, even people who are growing food in the city and teaching people how to grow it.”

The Farm Aid website talks about how to find Good Food, as the organization defines it. Worth checking out.